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LifeMonday, April 9, 2007 4:25 PM CDT
Rape culture
Victimology class conducts simulation

A magazine ad illustrates how media images can influence society's attitudes about violence against women. The poster is one of the tools used by the YWCA's Stepping Stones program.
When Sammi heard a classmate talking about her behind her back, it gave her chills. And she felt sick when he leaned over and whispered in her ear, "Are you ready for a man again?"

The 24-year-old lesbian had been raped by two men who told her they were going to make her straight.

"It made me sick to my stomach," said LeAnn Nolan of Pontiac, who was only playing the part of Sammi during Walking the Walk, a sexual violence awareness exercise led by the YWCA's Stepping Stones staff.

It never crossed the Illinois State University student's mind that a woman would have to see her rapist again.

"I always thought it would be some creep jumping out of the bushes, not a classmate," she said.

Eighty percent of the time, it's someone you know, said Vickie Smith, director of the Stepping Stones sexual assault program.

Every time Nolan felt uncomfortable during the role-playing, she was supposed to peel off a sticker bandage. As she sorted through the rape kit, she started sticking them on her sweatshirt.

"Most of what I felt was fear," she said.

Criminal justice major Christopher Long of Danvers felt a rising anger and frustration when playing the role of a supportive friend for a 21-year-old college student raped on the way home from a bar.

"Sadly, I wasn't surprised by any of it," he said.

Stepping Stones has supported more than 375 survivors since it got under way nearly five years ago at the YWCA of McLean County in Bloomington. Initially, Smith expected a lot of Monday morning calls from women assaulted over the weekend. Instead, the majority of calls were from women victimized years ago.

"They thought they'd bury it and just go on with their lives and five, 10, 15 years later, they're reaching out for help," she said.

A "rape culture"

Among countries that keep statistics, the United States has the highest incidence of sexual abuse, with 100,000 reported cases each year; only one out of seven assaults is reported to police.

One out of four women and one out of eight men will be sexually abused. Smith attributes those high numbers to a "rape culture," a view she admits is controversial but one she defends.

In a rape culture, violence against women is common and the victim is often blamed. Conviction rates are low. And in a society that tolerates such abuse, there's usually an abundance of images of sex and violence. Also, men and women are not treated equally.

"Victim blaming is probably the No. 1 thing we face," she said. "One hundred percent of the time, the victim feels guilty, like she did something wrong. I blame a lot of that on our society. We want our women to be attractive and sexy but when a woman wears a short skirt and is sexually assaulted, it's like, what did she expect?"

Sexual assault is about power and control, she said, not fashion or behavior.

Only one in 20 rapists is arrested, and conviction rates are low. That's because they're looking for physical evidence of trauma, Smith said, and that doesn't exist in 70 percent of the cases because women are so fearful they often don't fight back.

When Smith trains volunteers, she circulates magazine ads that demonstrate how common images are of sex and violence. One shows a woman who looks like a prom date struggling to break free of a man's grasp around her neck.

"A lot of these ads are optical illusions. We send out the message that violence is a part of sex and that if a woman fights back, it doesn't necessarily mean she doesn't want it."

One way to counter those messages is through education. Stepping Stones focuses its efforts on middle school and high school students but is reaching into elementary schools with messages on how to stay safe and say no.

When Smith talks to adults, she asks what makes them afraid. Men usually mention prison but women have a long list, along with details on what they do each day to keep themselves safe, from where they park to avoiding vanity license plates.

"There's so many times women feel at risk," she said.

Until women enjoy full legal, economic and social equality, they'll be an easy target for violence, she added.

"The men are supposed to be strong and in control. When society sends these kinds of messages, you're not going to have an equal relationship."

Stepping Stones



Stepping Stones, the YWCA of McLean County sexual assault service program, provides free and confidential support to survivors of sexual assault and their loved ones, whether the assault was recent or years ago. Advocates are available 24 hours a day through the PATH crisis line, (309) 827-4005. Stepping Stones can be contacted at (309) 662-0461.

Stepping Stones also provides:

• In-person support at local hospitals and police stations;

• Counseling and support groups;

• Assistance in requesting a Civil No Contact Order;

• Education programs for schools and community groups;

• 40-hour training for volunteers (next session begins May 14)




Rape statistics



Only one out of seven rapes is reported to police and only one rapist in 20 is arrested. Here are some other statistics on sexual assault:

• Women are most often raped in their own homes. In 75 percent of the cases, they know the perpetrator.

• One in four college women were victims of rape or attempted rape while they were students; 84 percent knew the rapist. Fifty-seven percent of the assaults happened while they were on a date.

• 12 percent of college men reported they had physically restrained a woman to gain sexual advantage.

• A woman is four times more likely to be raped by an acquaintance than a stranger.

• Acquaintance rape is rarely reported; less than 2 percent.

• A rapist has likely raped seven times before he's caught; a child rapist has likely committed the act 70 times.

• Men usually rape women from their own race, ethnicity and social class.

• Rapists seem like the everyday guy, except for their attitudes toward women. They typically view women with contempt and sometimes deep hostility.

SOURCES: Vickie Smith, Stepping Stones; Illinois Coalition against Sexual Assault




Spring programs



The following programs are available during April in recognition of Sexual Assault Awareness month.

The Illustrated Woman

What it is: Dramatization on childhood sexual abuse and counselor-led discussion

When: 4 p.m. and 7 p.m. April 11

Where: Illinois State University, Bone Student Center Circus Room

Cost: Free

Take the Stage Against Violence

What it is: Teen performances

When: 6:30 to 9 p.m. April 14

Where: Coffeehouse, Normal

Cost: Free

Walking the Walk

What it is: Sexual violence awareness exercise

Contact: Cari Sherman, (309) 662-0461, ext. 249 or csherman@ywcamclean.org

Cost: Free

Self Defense and Personal Safety Workshop

What it is: Workshop for women ages 16 and older

When: 5:30 to 8 p.m. April 12 or 9:30 a.m. to noon April 21

Where: YWCA McLean County, Bloomington

Cost: $20

Register: (309) 662-0461

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Take a look
During a sexual violence awareness exercise, Illinois State University student Rebecca Campbell of Oglesby examines a rape kit. The purpose of the exercise was for students to experience some of the more common reactions of victims. (Pantagraph/DAVID PROEBER)
Margaret Riley of Cisco wore bandages symbolic of the emotional pain she felt while "Walking the Walk," a simulation led by the YWCA's Stepping Stones staff in ISU Assistant Professor Jeff Walsh's victimology class. (Pantagraph/DAVID PROEBER)
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Reader comments on this story - 20 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

To Differences: wrote on Apr 6, 2007 4:19 PM:

" "scenario 1: a woman who is a hooker by trade is sitting at home, someone breaks in and violently rapes her as she tries unsuccessfully to fend him off and screams for help. scenario 2: an innocent virgin is out on her night off at a bar, goes home with a nice-looking guy, has more drinks with him, they start making out, they get naked, all the while she is encouraging him, then at the last second just as he is about to make the "penetration", she whispers "no, wait", but he doesn't stop and the penetration is completed. " Does this make it justice now in your eyes? Why should a sex worker have any less rights on her "day off" than the "innocent virgin"? Rape is rape. No means no. Besides, in most date rape occurances, the no doesn't usually come just at the moment, seconds prior to penetration. It usually come much earlier and is ignored. "

to differences wrote on Apr 6, 2007 3:14 PM:

" Don't quit your day job. "

differences wrote on Apr 5, 2007 12:35 PM:

" scenario 1: an innocent virgin is sitting at home, someone breaks in and violently rapes her as she tries unsuccessfully to fend him off and screams for help. scenario 2: a woman who is a hooker by trade is out on her night off at a bar, goes home with a nice-looking guy, has more drinks with him, they start making out, they get naked, all the while she is encouraging him, then at the last second just as he is about to make the "penetration", she whispers "no, wait", but he doesn't stop and the penetration is completed. If you try to say that scenario one and scenario two are the same crime, you are not interested in justice, you are just trying to persecute men. In the process you are being unfair not only two the man in scenario two, but also the woman in scenario one. There is a lot of gray, it isn't as simple as you try to make it sound. "

Beat it to Death wrote on Apr 5, 2007 6:29 AM:

" "Jennifer": Yes, Hugh Hefner would agree with you also. "

To "to been there" wrote on Apr 5, 2007 2:13 AM:

" Rape, in Illinois, is defined as sexual penetration without the willing and informed consent of either one or both parties. And those statistics SHOULD be shocking. However, those particular statistics are REAL. I was in that presentation; I heard where those statistics were obtained. By saying "don't blame the victim...BUT" all you are doing is blaming the victim. There is no "perfect rape victim." You have to treat them all the same. It's views like yours that keep women, and men, form reporting rape and /or sexual assaults. Need I remind you that rape is one of THE MOST under-reported crimes in the US. Jennifer: Please explain how our counrty is sexually repressed? I thought Afghanistan was sexually repressed. We have sex-ed, most countries don't. We have porn readily available, a lot of countries don't. Please enlighten me how this contributes to rape. What are these scientific articles you speak of? (honestly, I would like to read them) "

Jennifer wrote on Apr 4, 2007 10:46 AM:

" I wonder if our repressed sexual culture has anything to do with the amount of rapes committed. I have read some very interesting science articles on that fact and am leaning towards that conclusion. "

to "Been There" wrote on Apr 4, 2007 7:31 AM:

" Statistician is right, the statistics sound made-up for shock purposes. If there is any truth to a lot of them, it also probably points to the need for better definitions of "rape", and differentiating between degrees of the crime. I can see the reasoning behind the "don't blame the victim" idea, but the truth is that when you group all different kinds of situations together and treat them the same, you are just making a muddled mess out of it and doing a disservice to the victims of the most serious crimes. "

Statistician wrote on Apr 3, 2007 1:23 PM:

" I never implied that Stepping Stones were not providing a useful service. I was disputing the usefullness of the statistics in this article (at very least the presentation thereof). "

Been there wrote on Apr 3, 2007 10:58 AM:

" Good job Cari and the rest of the staff at STepping STones. You never cease to amaze me with all you do. I believe if STATISTICIAN were to take his research skills just a step farther and join you in your "education", he would realize just what kind of caring and helpful people you at Stepping Stones are, and also know that you're not tooting your own horns. . . . . ..YOU DON'T NEED TO!! "

Statistician wrote on Apr 3, 2007 8:35 AM:

" The problem is that I DID take a research class, which is why i'm being critical. You are assuming sources that are not cited, which is a classic blunder in statistical analysis. And speaking from a criminology perspective, The number of rape convictions or arrests would be a more useful number than the number of rapes reported, since a crime reported is not the same as a crime committed. To quote the article: "Only 1 in 20 rapists is arrested..." This statement presumes that every individual accused of rape is guilty. It is damaging to this agency's intent for them to report inflated or invented numbers for effect. "

TO Statistician wrote on Apr 3, 2007 1:56 AM:

" ACTUALLY, the "reported" raped are the ones that are reported to police, this data is included in the Federal Crime Bureau Statistics which are released every year by the FBI. HOWEVER, there is a National Crime Victimization Survey that does NOT rely on whether or not the crimes are reported to Police, it relies on the anonymous reporting of the victims to the Surveying authority. This is one of the many places where your "fake" statistics can come from. And given that MOST victims don't know about this avenue, I would wager that there are even more rapes/ sexual assaults that go unreported at all. Guess when you went to college, you didn't have to take a research class, huh? "

Statistician wrote on Apr 2, 2007 2:33 PM:

" Many of those numbers feel made up. How do they know that only 2% of aquaintance rape is reported? You would have needed to know about the other incidents somehow to get that number. Similarly: how do they know that only one out of seven rapes is reported? How do they know about the other 6 at all? We would also need a definition of "attempted Rape" and "sexual advantage" to know how to perceive those numbers about college students. More than that, the source of the numbers was listed as the lady who was interviewed rather than any sort of study or law records, which makes me think that they are her estimates rather than any recorded numbers. Rape IS a terrible thing, but it is hard to put into perspective when we are given made up statistics. "

Concealed Carry wrote on Apr 2, 2007 11:22 AM:

" is the best way not to be a victim for any woman (or man). You can never rely on the police to protect you during a crime, it happens sometimes but they cannot be everywhere so you have to take your defense into your own hands. Not only will it protect the woman carrying at the time, criminals will be afraid that their victims may actually be able to fight back and such situations should not occur very often. Illinois is one of only two states where residents cannot carry legally. Everyone who reads this should call their representatives and tell them to support the state bill for concealed carry in Illinois. "

more rape culture wrote on Apr 2, 2007 8:18 AM:

" news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070330/ap_on_re_us/texas_affair_slaying_3 "

Student wrote on Apr 2, 2007 12:07 AM:

" I'm in that Victimology class, and none of this dramatization or article is "Anti-male", women can commit sexual offenses just as easily as men. And just to let you know, one of the "victims" was male. Most of the people in the class are Criminal Justice majors, and we all need to know what a victim goes through when this happens. This put a lot of things into perspective for those who go through the "Walk." The "walk" pointed out some very disconcerting facts, the worst being that women are are often victimized TWICE: once during the assault and then by Society. Stepping Stones is a great organization and deserves any help they get. Another note: Stiffer punishments aren't the key; PROSECUTING the offender is (sexual crimes carry hefty penalties on their own). "

Np is no wrote on Apr 1, 2007 11:20 PM:

" don't try and spin this... "

to cRAZYFOX wrote on Apr 1, 2007 5:16 PM:

" You can expand upon it. Not just sex crimes but any crime. Why? Because anytime someone breaks the law, why they must be treated as if all criminals have some kind of made up illness that can be treated just by talking to them. If harsher penalties were carried out, then the crime rate would drop. "

cRAZYFOX wrote on Apr 1, 2007 4:50 PM:

" This article was not about anit male propaganda, it was about how society has seemed to make it fit to blame the victims of sex crimes not the offenders. This wasn't a anti-male article. And yes stepping stones is a great organazation. "

just what we need wrote on Apr 1, 2007 10:32 AM:

" more anti-male propaganda ... any "man" who doesn't have some hostility toward the culture in this country at this point has already been psychologically castrated. "

Keep Up the Good Work wrote on Apr 1, 2007 12:00 AM:

" Wonderful Service to this community, You guys do a great job. Thanks for all that you do!!!! Wonderful Agency, Volunteer People, Volunteer!!! "

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