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NewsSaturday, August 11, 2007 7:15 PM CDT
U.S. lagging behind in life expectancy
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WASHINGTON, D.C. — Americans are living longer than ever, but not as long as people in 41 other countries.

For decades, the United States has been slipping in international rankings of life expectancy, as other countries improve health care, nutrition and lifestyles.

Countries that surpass the U.S. include Japan and most of Europe, as well as Jordan, Guam and the Cayman Islands.

“Something’s wrong here when one of the richest countries in the world, the one that spends the most on health care, is not able to keep up with other countries,’’ said Dr. Christopher Murray, head of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.

A baby born in the United States in 2004 will live an average of 77.9 years. That life expectancy ranks 42nd, down from 11th two decades earlier, according to international numbers provided by the Census Bureau and domestic numbers from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Andorra, a tiny country in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain, had the longest life expectancy, at 83.5 years, according to the Census Bureau. It was followed by Japan, Maucau, San Marino and Singapore.

The shortest life expectancies were clustered in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region that has been hit hard by an epidemic of HIV and AIDS, as well as famine and civil strife. Swaziland has the shortest, at 34.1 years, followed by Zambia, Angola, Liberia and Zimbabwe.

Researchers said several factors have contributed to the United States falling behind other industrialized nations. A major one is that 45 million Americans lack health insurance, while Canada and many European countries have universal health care, they say.

But “it’s not as simple as saying we don’t have national health insurance,’’ said Sam Harper, an epidemiologist at McGill University in Montreal. “It’s not that easy.’’

Why is the U.S. 42nd?

Among the other factors:

w Adults in the United States have one of the highest obesity rates in the world. Nearly a third of U.S. adults 20 years and older are obese, while about two-thirds are overweight, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

w Racial disparities. Black Americans have an average life expectancy of 73.3 years, five years shorter than white Americans.

w A relatively high percentage of babies born in the U.S. die before their first birthday, compared with other industrialized nations.

Forty countries, including Cuba, Taiwan and most of Europe had lower infant mortality rates than the U.S. in 2004. The U.S. rate was 6.8 deaths for every 1,000 live births. It was 13.7 for Black Americans, the same as Saudi Arabia.

“It really reflects the social conditions in which African American women grow up and have children,’’ said Dr. Marie C. McCormick, professor of maternal and child health at the Harvard School of Public Health. “We haven’t done anything to eliminate those disparities.’’

More countries being tracked

Another reason for the U.S. drop in the ranking is that the Census Bureau now tracks life expectancy for a lot more countries — 222 in 2004 — than it did in the 1980s. However, that does not explain why so many countries entered the rankings with longer life expectancies than the United States.

Murray, from the University of Washington, said improved access to health insurance could increase life expectancy. But, he predicted, the U.S. won’t move up in the world rankings as long as the health care debate is limited to insurance.

Policymakers also should focus on ways to reduce cancer, heart disease and lung disease, said Murray. He advocates stepped-up efforts to reduce tobacco use, control blood pressure, reduce cholesterol and regulate blood sugar.

“Even if we focused only on those four things, we would go along way toward improving health care in the United States,’’ Murray said. “The starting point is the recognition that the U.S. does not have the best health care system. There are still an awful lot of people who think it does.’’

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Reader comments on this story - 9 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

ThosSpence wrote on Aug 12, 2007 9:58 PM:

" With the head buried deeply in the sand! Posters here want to rant about fat people. Why not address the obvious issue: despite claims by the insurance industry and its millions of dependents that our health care system is the best (!), Americans aren't healthier than anyone. And this, despite spending almost 16 percent of the GDP on healthcare, an expenditure that is vastly more than any other developed country. This kind of evidence devastates the complacent agitation of uninformed agitators for the status quo. Health care reform, at the very least will be wrenching. But putting it off, year after year, will only make it more difficult. "

when are the obese going to wake up wrote on Aug 12, 2007 10:04 AM:

" Even though we're allegedly living longer than ever, life expectancy may be peaking. The number one reason for this I believe is the widespread affliction known as obesity. How many obese 90-year-olds do you see? Not many. Not that many obese 80-year-olds in fact. It is the folks who live into their 80's and 90's that make Americans' life expectancy as high as it is. More obese folks means fewer folks living into their 80's and 90's. "

What's wrong here? wrote on Aug 12, 2007 10:00 AM:

" A doctor in the article is quoted as asking, "What's wrong here?". Frankly, I am surprised Americans, despite ranking only 42nd, are still living longer than ever. As individuals we aren't doing much in the way of healthy lifestyles- we eat too much, we don't eat right, we don't get enough exercise, we don't get enough sleep, etc. Mostly we rely on the doctors to bail us out after mistreating our bodies for 50 years. "

77.9 years? wrote on Aug 12, 2007 9:51 AM:

" That is still a good life expectancy. Who wants to be 85 sitting in a nursing home with drool on their clothes anyways? "

reader wrote on Aug 12, 2007 8:23 AM:

" I plan on living a long long time. "

fran wrote on Aug 12, 2007 7:23 AM:

" Why are we listening to these Docs? They are part of the problem not the solution. "

Fatso wrote on Aug 12, 2007 7:16 AM:

" One third of those over 20 are obese while two thirds are overweight. That is a discouraging statistic. One third and two thirds = three thirds. ( I think) By these lights, is there ANYONE living in the U.S. who isn't too fat? "

I agree with you Nobody wrote on Aug 12, 2007 7:10 AM:

" personally my diet is alot worse since I lost my union job, due to not being able to afford the better food any longer. I also believe it's due to to many man made chemicals in our foods, from birth. Last but not least, other countries cure cancer, and the U.S. does not. We are prescriped chemical pills for everything. The U.S. treats illnesses and does not cure illnesses, so therefore long term medication kills. "

Nobody wrote on Aug 11, 2007 7:52 PM:

" One major factor was left out. STRESS. Americans are trying to 'outrun' inflation and losing badly. Just because our unemployment rate is 'acceptable' that does not mean working at Walmart is going to reduce your stress level when you are trying to feed a family. Obesity is directly related to poverty. People are not intentionally developing diabetes and high blood pressure, it's a result of their poor diets - the only ones they can afford. "

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