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| NewsSaturday, August 25, 2007 8:18 PM CDT |
Mortgage meltdown hits home
The walls are bare, the closets are empty, and Connie and Timothy Pent and their two teenage children are living out of boxes as they wait for a dreaded knock at the door of their three-bedroom house in Ocala, Fla. They’ve fallen behind in payments on their home loan, and their lender told them in July that foreclosure was imminent. “We thought we were fine,’’ said Connie regretfully. “You never know.’’ An increasing number of homeowners and prospective homeowners are getting caught up in the fast-spreading mortgage crisis that is claiming victims from all income levels and demographic groups. Like the Pents, many are trying desperately to get their loan terms reworked but are finding it’s difficult in a tightened market. For five years, the housing boom put money in the pockets of lenders, brokers, realtors and investors and granted easy mortgages to homeowners with both good and blemished credit. But as home prices decline and interest rates climb, the cracks in the housing market’s foundation are widening. Exotic mortgages, once hailed for helping to increase U.S. homeownership to its highest level at 68.9 percent, have become the undoing of many. Loans with adjustable rates, payment choices and loose requirements have trapped borrowers in too-high payments with few options for escape. Some have taken on second and third jobs, depleted savings, retirement and college funds and wrestled with lenders to stave off foreclosure. Those who fail see their homes sell at auction. “The increasing availability of mortgages has been an important and positive long-term trend,’’ said Doug Elmendorf, a Brookings Institution economist. “But like many positive developments, this one was taken to an unjustifiable extreme.’’ Not just subprime woes Many of the victims are subprime borrowers — those like the Pents who don’t qualify for market interest rates because of blemishes on their credit record. The Center for Responsible Lending estimates that 2.2 million subprime home loans made in recent years have ended or soon will end in foreclosure. But there are many other ways to be hurt in the mortgage crunch. Many prospective home buyers, through little fault of their own, are having trouble getting mortgages because of the changing market. Attempts to rework troubled loans will become increasingly common since foreclosure benefits neither lender nor borrower, said James Gaines, a research economist with The Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University. The problem is that the lender may not have any authority to redo them because of the way loans are now bundled and resold, with repayment risk changing hands several times. “It’s unlike the old days where the bank you borrowed from just kept your loan on the books,’’ he said. Consumer’s responsibilities David Downs, a professor of real estate at Virginia Commonwealth University, believes blame for the current quagmire falls on all involved. But he says the consumer should be held accountable first. “If somebody takes on financial risk, it’s incumbent on the consumer to understand that,’’ Downs said. Jeanna and Vernon Marshall were renting a home for themselves and their seven children when the owner decided to sell and gave them 30 days to move. So in January last year, they hurriedly signed what they thought was a $365,000 30-year fixed mortgage on a four-bedroom home in Henderson, Nev. After the closing — during which “so many documents’’ passed through their hands — they realized they had signed onto a two-year interest-only adjusted rate mortgage that they could barely afford, with a payment of $2,923 a month. The house went into foreclosure in May, and the Marshalls are looking for a place to rent. With their oldest now 17, Jeanna is worried about college. “We’re hoping and praying on scholarships,’’ she said. ‘Exploding’ rate troubles Sharon Reuss of the Center for Responsible Lending, a nonprofit organization that works to eliminate abusive practices in home mortgages, says loans that give borrowers a fixed payment for the first two or three years before the monthly obligations adjust sharply upward — dubbed “exploding ARMs’’ — have been particularly troublesome. “What has happened in the market has been very reckless — the kind of loans that in no way take account of people’s ability to repay them,’’ she said. That’s what happened to the Fanfan family. The three-bedroom bungalow that Milca and Josy Fanfan bought in 2002 in Brockton, Mass., a blue-collar suburb of Boston, wasn’t their dream house. But at $215,000 it was what they could afford for themselves and their 3-year-old son Nathaniel. With subpar credit scores, the Fanfans were able to secure a loan from Ameriquest Mortgage Co. with a hefty fixed interest rate of 9.5 percent. The problems began when their mortgage broker called at the last minute to say they needed to come up with an extra $8,000 in fees. At the closing, they were told the loan would be adjustable-rate, not fixed. Then Josy, a self-employed remodeling contractor, lost a finger in an on-the-job accident and was out of work for months. That put the couple behind in payments. Milca asked that the loan be reworked, to no avail. Meanwhile, monthly payments on the adjustable-rate mortgage have ballooned from $1,700 to $3,000. “Every month it was like, ‘Is this nightmare going to be over?’’’ she said. After foreclosure proceedings began in February, Milca was referred by her state bank commissioner’s office to a state-funded agency that fights unscrupulous mortgage lenders and brokers. “I want people to know they can fight,’’ she said. “Don’t be ashamed to cry out for help.’’ Through the agency, the Fanfans negotiated a rate of 9.5 percent and the right to refinance in two years. The monthly battle to make payments isn’t over, but Milca is working several jobs to make sure it is won. |
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