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NewsThursday, October 11, 2007 9:03 AM CDT
Ethanol crops could threaten water supply
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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- When it comes to solving the fossil fuel crisis, it seems like every silver lining comes accompanied by a dark cloud.

As attention turns more and more toward using corn and other products to produce ethanol for fuel, experts warn that increased production of these crops could pose a threat to the nation's water supplies.

Both water quality and the availability of water could be threatened by sharply increasing crops such as corn, said Jerald L. Schnoor, professor of environmental engineering and co-director of the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research at the University of Iowa.

Schnoor is chairman of a National Research Council panel that studied the potential impact of increased use of biofuels on water supplies. The committee report was released Wednesday.

A stated goal is to increase biofuel production about six times, to 35 billion gallons by 2017, Schnoor said.

"That would mean a lot more fertilizers and pesticides" running into rivers and flowing into the oceans, he said in a telephone interview.

Water available depends on where the crops are grown, he added. If it is an area needing irrigation, it takes 2,000 gallons of water for every bushel of corn: "That's a high amount of water."

And that's in addition to the secondary issue of how much water is needed by the factories that produce the ethanol, he said.

What is needed is a breakthrough in technology so that ethanol can be produced from cellulose such as grass, wood and sawdust, Schnoor said. "If we could do that it would be much better environmentally."

While Brazil is having success producing fuels from sugarcane, "we don't have much tropical land in the United States," Schnoor observed.

Also, he noted, Brazil uses waste from the cane to fuel its ethanol factories, while the U.S. uses natural gas or other fuels.

The report notes that water "is an increasingly precious resource used for many purposes including drinking and other municipal uses, hydropower, cooling thermoelectric plants, manufacturing, recreation, habitat for fish and wildlife and agriculture."

Supplies are already stressed in some areas of the country, including a large region where water is drawn from the underground Ogallala aquifer, which extends from west Texas up into South Dakota and Wyoming.

Growing biofuel crops requiring additional irrigation in areas with limited water supplies is a major concern, the report says.

The report suggests the possibility of irrigating crops for biofuel with wastewater that would not be suitable for food crops.

Other suggestions include developing more water-efficient crops and adopting agriculture practices that reduce the amount of chemical runoff.

The study was sponsored by the McKnight Foundation, Energy Foundation, National Science Foundation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and National Research Council Day Fund.

The National Research Council is an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, an independent organization chartered by Congress to provide science, technology and health policy advice.

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Reader comments on this story - 20 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

pumpitburnitspinitnukeit wrote on Oct 17, 2007 10:14 AM:

" its time to open the spigot on our domestic oil supply, scrape the huge deposits of coal, and work on all forms of domestic energy be it wind, solar, water or nuclear. and i dont care if ted kennedy doesnt want to have a wind turbine near his house. "

TO GREED wrote on Oct 11, 2007 4:40 PM:

" WHAT?!?! "

Ethanol Eddie wrote on Oct 11, 2007 1:54 PM:

" Wow, there is so much misinformation in this story it's unbelievable. But it's more disappointing to read many of these posts that illustrate how our society is willing to buy whatever story the liberal and often biased press tells it. Please, people, before you spew your genious theories, actually research the issue. Don't just recite what you read in the paper, in National Geographic, Rolling Stone, etc.... because just because something appears in print doesn't mean it's true. "

Sorry wrote on Oct 11, 2007 12:16 PM:

" Greed is correct. Ethanol is a low energy content fuel. The fossil fuel energy that it takes to produce and deliver the ethanol is about 80% of the delivered energy, so it is about a 25% gain. All the water consumed is placing more and more stress on limited supplies. Don't worry about the oil companies funding research such as this article implies, the oil and chemical producers are all intertwined financially and the last thing they want is to reduce the fertilizer market. Since ethanol cannot be produced practically without use of enormous amounts of fossil fuels it really cannot be considered as offering a solution of any longstanding value. Now if the ethanol plant could use its own fuel to make the product plus deliver some they would have something. Sadly, from farm to manufacture to delivery none of the producing parties have a use for the product. That should give a hint of the problem right there. "

I Wonder wrote on Oct 11, 2007 11:35 AM:

" How much oil money is donated for this type of research findings? "

To: Greed wrote on Oct 11, 2007 9:55 AM:

" You are wrong on just about everything you said. Ethanol is energy positive (less energy required to make than it produces), farmers tractors do use diesel (just like over the road semis) for the torque that diesel engines can produce, and you can't blame ethanol for run off as the corn was being grown anyway, whether you use it for ethanol or not. I don't think that ethanol is the magic bullet for our future energy needs, but anything that moves us away from petroleum should be promoted and expanded. The big difference between ethanol and oil is that the guys that own the cornfields don't want to kill your kids in Iraq. "

Greed wrote on Oct 11, 2007 8:09 AM:

" The truth about ethanol from corn is still a closely guarded secret. It requires substantially more energy to produce and distribute, than it contains. If worthwhile, you would see farmers using the stuff. (And please, don’t say their equipment requires diesel fuel. If the stuff were any good, manufacturers would install ethanol capable engines!) It is nothing but a boondoggle. Politicians fear the farm and manufacturers lobby for the stuff. Brazil makes it from sugar cane. Different story altogether. Much more efficient. Matter-of-fact our government imposes a stiff tariff (over 50 cents per gallon) on imported ethanol, to protect inefficient corn-made ethanol. On top of that, taxpayers fork over 54 cents per gallon to producers, which is equivalent to about a dollar a gallon for gasoline (Because takes almost 2 gallons of ethanol to equal 1 gallon of gasoline.). And now we have all of the pollution from farm runoff, not to mention the water usage. Sorry farmers, you guys know the truth already. Time to put a stop to this crap. "

voxpopuli wrote on Oct 11, 2007 6:20 AM:

" any of you city slickers want to hate American farmers any more, go see the new anit-american documentary "King Corn". It is an example of what children are being filled full of in todays universities. "

realevergreen wrote on Oct 10, 2007 9:16 PM:

" ASbig box of cornflakes still only costs a quarter for the corn. Farmers are some of the largest buyers of tires and batteries and they don't buy it from the Chinese Emabassy. C'mon out , we've got plenty to do and it will help clear up some misunderstandings about economics. "

Meh wrote on Oct 10, 2007 8:16 PM:

" Awesome. Not only are we competing with the Kings of Ethanol Handouts in our food prices, now they're hurting our water supply! "

To JD wrote on Oct 10, 2007 8:12 PM:

" I know how the world works, it goes round and round and it does that while it goes round and round the sun, that goes round and round the galaxy that goes round and round the universe. And I'm not even from Illinois. "

Lots of water wrote on Oct 10, 2007 8:09 PM:

" We can just tap into the melting polar ice caps. "

JD wrote on Oct 10, 2007 7:30 PM:

" The problem with Illinois is the majority have no clue on how the world really works. "

Re: Water issues wrote on Oct 10, 2007 4:19 PM:

" I don't believe ethanol is a boondoggle - you've been reading too much of the reverse-propaganda. That said, I don't think the govt should mandate its use. Let the market decide - although that is a slippery slope because the govt so heavily subsidizes fossil fuels. As for trusting National Geographic to explain energy issues, I give that about as much validity as I'd give Kojack for explaining the best methods for hair care. P.S. I don't take National Geographic to read the articles - I just like to look at the pictures. "

Yeah wrote on Oct 10, 2007 3:48 PM:

" I agree with "That's why" Hemp oil can be used to run anything. it's cheaper and easier on the environment. Hemp for life "

Luther Billis wrote on Oct 10, 2007 3:25 PM:

" Until cellulosic ethanol is viable and has the capability for mass production, is a poor solution on numerous levels. As for Hemp seed, well, I think we can see where you're going with that... "

JD wrote on Oct 10, 2007 3:21 PM:

" Everything comes at a cost, and it is time people figured out that simple concept. Even using the water from the Great Lakes, there will be the cost of getting the water from point A to point B. The problem with Illinois is that the majority have no clue on how the world really works. Even if ethanol was the answer, it would result in less of other crops being planted, thus increasing the cost of those, which would increase the cost of living across the board. Since other sectors would have to increase wages to offset the increase in the cost of food for their workers, the result would be prices in those sectors increasing also. Everything has a cost. "

That's why... wrote on Oct 10, 2007 2:27 PM:

" we need to diversify our crops. Let us farm Hemp as we did up until 70+ years ago and let's see the economy turn around. Hemp Seed is THE alternative fuel option. "

Water Issues wrote on Oct 10, 2007 2:14 PM:

" The Plains states are already depleting their aquifer, and obviously, we don't use Great Lakes water here either. Ethanol (at least corn based) is a boondoggle. Read the latest National Geographic "

water? wrote on Oct 10, 2007 1:29 PM:

" We're worried about a water supply for ethanol? Jeez, it's not like we don't have 6,000,000,000,000,000 (6 quadrillion) gallons of fresh water sitting in the Great Lakes. That's 20% of the world's supply of fresh water. I don't think we'll be ever worrying about running out of fresh water here in the Great Lakes region. "

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