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Obama’s success as a candidate fuels affirmative action’s foes
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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Barack Obama’s political success might claim an unintended victim: affirmative action, a much-debated policy that he supports. Already weakened by several court rulings and state referendums, affirmative action now confronts a challenge to its very reason for existing.

If Americans make a black person the leading contender for president, as nationwide polls suggest, how can racial prejudice be so prevalent and potent that it justifies special efforts to place minorities in coveted jobs and schools?

“The primary rationale for affirmative action is that America is institutionally racist and institutionally sexist,” said Ward Connerly, the leader of state-by-state efforts to end what he and others consider policies of reverse discrimination. “That rationale is undercut in a major way when you look at the success of Senator Clinton and Senator Obama.” Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York battled Obama to the end of the Democratic primary process.

Other critics of affirmative action agree. “Obama is further evidence that the great majority of Americans reject discrimination, reject prejudice,” said Todd F. Gaziano, a scholar at the conservative Heritage Foundation and a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

Not so fast, say supporters of affirmative action. Just because Barack Obama, Oprah Winfrey and other minorities have reached the top of their professions does not mean that ordinary blacks, Latinos or women are free from day-to-day biases that deny them equal access to top schools or jobs, they say.

As affirmative action’s power has diminished, minority enrollment has fallen at many prominent colleges, said Gary Orfield, an authority on the subject at UCLA.

“If people get the impression from Obama’s success that the racial problems of this country have been solved, that would be very sad,” Orfield said. “In some ways we have moved backwards” in recent years, he said.

Wade Henderson, head of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, said, “Exceptions don’t make the rule.”

“By any measure, Obama and Clinton are clearly exceptional individuals,” he said. “When you really examine the masses of Americans, especially women and people of color, you still find incredible disparities,” which justify the continuation of affirmative action programs.

Obama, who asks voters neither to support nor oppose him on the basis of his race, has dealt gently with affirmative action. He says his two young daughters have enjoyed great advantages, and therefore should not receive special consideration because of their race.

“On the other hand,” he said in an April debate, “if there’s a young white person who has been working hard, struggling, and has overcome great odds, that’s something that should be taken into account” by people such as college admission officers.

“So I still believe in affirmative action as a means of overcoming both historic and potentially current discrimination,” Obama said. “But I think that it can’t be a quota system and it can’t be something that is simply applied without looking at the whole person, whether that person is black, or white, or Hispanic, male or female.”

Tucker Bounds, spokesman for Republican presidential candidate John McCain, said McCain’s commitment to equal opportunity for all Americans “means aggressively enforcing our nation’s anti-discrimination laws.”

“It also means rejecting affirmative action plans and quotas that give weight to one group of Americans at the expense of another,” Bounds said. “Plans that result in quotas, where such plans have not been judicially created to remedy a specific, proven act of discrimination, only result in more discrimination.”

Policies quickly proved controversial

Affirmative action, a term coined in the early 1960s, is a loosely defined set of policies meant to help rectify discrimination based on race, religion, sex or national origin. It quickly proved controversial, especially in the public arena, as some white males alleged they were losing government jobs and public university admissions to less qualified minorities and women.

The Supreme Court ruled 30 years ago that universities could use race as one factor in choosing applicants, but it banned quotas. Subsequent court decisions placed more restrictions on affirmative action, and Connerly and others launched ballot initiatives that virtually crippled it in some states.

In 1996, California voters passed Proposition 209, pushed by Connerly. It bars all government institutions from giving preferential treatment to people based on race or gender, and particularly affects college admissions and government contracts. Similar measures passed in Michigan and Washington state, and Connerly hopes to have versions on the ballots this fall in Colorado, Nebraska and Arizona.

The erosion of affirmative action is forcing colleges and other institutions to seek new ways of pursuing diversity, with mixed results.

“What had been a national policy is being dismantled, state by state,” University of Washington President Mark A. Emmert wrote in the Christian Science Monitor last year. He said his campus has learned that it still can “ensure diversity and access to higher education, particularly by taking socio-economic factors into account.”

While Emmert laments the erosion of affirmative action, others say it is overdue. It’s great if Obama’s success hastens the process, they say, but previous achievements by blacks in business, government, entertainment and other fields already have undermined the argument that racial discrimination is rampant.

Defenders of affirmative action cite continuing disparities between blacks and whites in areas such as income, education achievement, health care and incarceration rates. These disparities, however, “have roots in problems that are not addressed by affirmative action,” said Abigail Thernstrom, a Manhattan Institute senior fellow and vice chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

They are complex, deep-seated factors that put many minority children behind their peers as early as kindergarten, she said. In confronting such challenges, she said, “racial preferences don’t solve anything.”

To some extent, Obama agrees that affirmative action is poorly suited to address such problems. But it still is needed, he says.

“Affirmative action is an important tool, although a limited tool,” Obama told National Public Radio last year.

“I say limited simply because a large portion of our young people right now never even benefit from affirmative action because they’re not graduating from high school,” he said. “And unless we do a better job with early childhood education, fixing crumbling schools, investing to make sure that we’ve got an excellent teacher in front of every classroom, and then making college affordable, we’re not even going to reach the point where our children can benefit from affirmative action.”

Take a look
Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., talks with the media as he leaves the campaign charter plane at Dulles Airport in Chantilly, Va., on Friday. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
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Reader comments on this story - 21 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

Geez! wrote on Jun 30, 2008 10:19 PM:

" Anchor - "unhappy with the current immigration laws"? Why? There seems to be no one obeying them now.

The problem is that there is an immigration problem in that people have been coming over here illegally and when the laws FINALLY are being enforced (even a little), they whine and complain about it being "unfair". Cry me a river.

An illegal immigrant by their very definition are breaking the law - and the law is finally being addressed and enforced.

If you don't like the law - work to get it changed. Otherwise, get your jammies and blanky and I'll tell you a bedtime story. "

Anchor wrote on Jun 30, 2008 3:58 PM:

" adonis - well your assumtion is wrong. I am talking about a wide variety of NON-whites. You saying, "...There only seems to be one complaining about unfairness" I assume you mean us pesky black people. Your assertion there is wrong as well. I think the Latino community would count as non-white and they are none to happy with the current immigration laws. Can you think of any other non-whites that might be a little unhappy? You can do it if you try. "

Anchor wrote on Jun 30, 2008 3:49 PM:

" Buckeye - the point I was making was addressing your assertion that the racial "playing field" is now level. I matters not who you have at your Thanksgiving table. If you think racial equality has been met, I am saying you are out of touch. "

turtlelover wrote on Jun 30, 2008 10:49 AM:

" The term "reverse discrimination" is, in and of itself, racist. It's just plain discrimination, no matter who's being discrimanated against.

Affirmative action has out-lived it's usefullness. If there is more than one candidate for a job, school, promotion, whatever, then the candidates should be judged on their merits ALONE. Skin color, sex, sexual orientation, etc., should have no more weight than the color of a persons' shoes.
It is equally discriminatory to hire a black/Hispanic person because of their race as it is to NOT hire them because of their race.
If one person is chosen over another because of race no matter which race is which, it is discrimination, plain and simple. "

Josh wrote on Jun 30, 2008 8:29 AM:

" Get rid of affirmative action-it's reverse discrimination. Those of us who have experienced it know what it feels like. "

Greed wrote on Jun 30, 2008 6:58 AM:

" Obama supporters, especially Black supporters, were quick to brand West Virginia and Pennsylvania Hillary voters as racist. Maybe Blacks, who voted for Obama over 95%, could share the real reason they support him. Oprah, who had never endorsed a Presidential Candidate, endorsed Obama, because like her, he is Black.
Racism was never what it was construed to be by Black politicians. I venture Black representation in the political and entertainment field is greater than their population representation. It is time all affirmative action programs ended. "

Geez! wrote on Jun 30, 2008 6:53 AM:

" I just don't see where females working the same job get paid less, nor do I see how blacks get paid less than whites or hispanics or whatever racial group you want to throw in.

A job pays x-amount. If you are qualified, you get hired. If you excel in your job, you get promoted and a raise.

Affirmative Action *may* have been needed at one time, but that time has passed.

None of us owned slaves. I've never made a black person sit in the back of the bus, nor have I made them drink out of separate water fountains.

I just don't see a need to continue the legalization of reverse discrimination. Of course, there's always those who will want something for nothing, and AA does this. "

The Peanut Gallery wrote on Jun 30, 2008 6:26 AM:

" I strongly urge everyone to read Shelby Steele's wonderful collection of essays entitled "The Content of our Character". It is a lucid and wonderfully readable analysis of racial politics in this country. "

Jarhead71 wrote on Jun 29, 2008 10:07 PM:

" Perhaps the reasons affirmative action is taking steps backward is because EQUAL opportunity now exists. Different and equal is what America should be about, not reverse discrimination to make up for past sins of our parents, grandparents and ancestors. It is time to move into the 21st century. Stop holding onto the past and the biases and prejudices of that last century. Gary Orfield, Jesse Jackson, Al Sharpton and others need victims of racism to justify their pathetic existence. It makes them feel important and validates their lives. Without racism, they have nothing. "

adonis wrote on Jun 29, 2008 9:31 PM:

" to Anchor: I would guess that the majority of people I work with every day are non-white. They think the US is more than fair. I think when you say "non-white" you mean one race in particular. There only seems to be one complaining about unfairness. "

buckeye wrote on Jun 29, 2008 8:12 PM:

" Anchor I have lived among minoritys most of my life and there has been black folks at the thanksgiving table at my house for over 30 years . They know my kids and grandkids I talk to people of color every day. Yet afermitive action and redefineing raceism is wrong . "

cats55ire wrote on Jun 29, 2008 6:11 PM:

" to The Original JD - I'm with you!!!! You exressed my feelings exactly!!!!!

Mr. Obama is still bi-racial always has been, always will be. . . . "

observation8 wrote on Jun 29, 2008 4:29 PM:

" Affirmative actions loss is the Socialist party's gain......... "

The Original JD wrote on Jun 29, 2008 4:01 PM:

" Affirmative Action is, by its very use, discriminatory. How can one create a quota system based on race, where it is not the best person who gets the job, but the (assumed) best person from a given race? Why should others not get the job just because their skin is not the right color to fill the government required quota of races? America needs to quit drawing racial lines. We need to get rid of words like African American, Asian American, etc. We are all Americans, and drawing line within the nationality does nothing but create racial lines which we propagate through our own terminology. "

Sigh wrote on Jun 29, 2008 1:45 PM:

" Oh, the delicious irony ... muwhahahahha. "

IluvBMI wrote on Jun 29, 2008 1:07 PM:

" All you have to do is look at the comments in this paper, and you quickly realize that people still "discriminate". However, I think we are getting to the point where people are discriminating against uneducated, gang banging, theiving, thugs, versus any particular color. Oh, and let's not EVEN bring up the differences between male and female wages. Women STILL make less than men for NO reason other than the fact that there are female.

I would agree that the Al Sharpton's and Jesse Jackson's of the world need to refocus their efforts to educating "their people" on how to act civilized and become educated. For that matter, red-neck hillbillies have to get the same freakin clue. The distance between the "haves" and "have nots" is not about money or the "man", it is about education and taking advantage of the opportunities given to each of us. Some people figure it out, others don't. Where there is envy and pride, there is discrimination. "

Tom Terrific wrote on Jun 29, 2008 1:04 PM:

" I'm a victim. He's a victim. She's a victim. Wouldn't you like to be a victim too? "

Anchor wrote on Jun 29, 2008 11:30 AM:

" Lurg86 - I agree with your assessment of Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton. Spike Lee's most recent troubles with Clint Eastwood were also moronic. But I think you are off the point when you equate having a Black Presidential Candidate with racial equality in the country. One thing does not mean the other. I admit times have changed in regard to racial relations and equality, for the better. However, there is still plenty of work to be done. I pray for the day that Al and Jesse no longer have a job. "

Anchor wrote on Jun 29, 2008 11:25 AM:

" Buckeye - While I am not in favor of affirmative action, your suggestion that the "playing field" is now level indicates you are not very connected to reality. My suggestion; See if you can stomach talking with people who are not white from time to time. Maybe you can get a more diverse perspective. "

buckeye wrote on Jun 29, 2008 10:51 AM:

" The proponets of afermitive action have always used the scoreboard as to judge the levelness of the playing field . Now that the scoreboard shows the field is level they want to change the way they measure. No matter if its raising the bar , or moving the goalposts , they will keep redefineing raceism in order to keep themselvs in the victoms class they so mutch enjoy . "

Lurg86 wrote on Jun 29, 2008 10:50 AM:

" Wouldn't it be a shame if after all these years the Al Shartptons and the Jesse Jacksons had to actually get a real job? I think the time is come for the race baiters to get out and finally go to work. How can he have discrimination rampant in this country as these men have claimed for decades while the democratic candidate for president is black? Is there argument going to be he is not black enough? I noticed Al Sharpton earlier this week already said O'Bama is not a descendant of a slave, is that wrong? It sure seems obvious Sharpton and Jackson and others in their line of work seem to be running out of job security. It is time for all race baiters to get a real job and start paying taxes like everyone else. "

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