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NewsMonday, September 22, 2008 1:38 PM CDT
Study: Algebra placement not always warranted
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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- More kids than ever are taking algebra in eighth grade but not necessarily learning more math, private researchers report.

In fact, while eighth-graders are doing better on national math tests, students in advanced classes are faring worse, according to the study being released Monday by the Brookings Institution.

“We have kids who are misplaced in their math classes,’’ said Tom Loveless, the study’s author. “They don’t know very much math at all and yet they’re taking courses in advanced math.’’

The study takes a provocative look at a subject many people view as a matter of racial equality. Once unavailable to many minority and poor children, algebra is becoming widely accepted as a must-have for eighth-graders.

Algebra is considered a “gateway” course for higher learning. Students who take it that year are on track for calculus as seniors. President Clinton made eighth-grade algebra a priority, and an influential 1995 book labeled algebra “The New Civil Right.”

Enrollment doubled from 1990 to 2007, when nearly one-third of all eighth-graders were taking algebra. In July, California decided that all eighth-graders should take algebra; Minnesota did so in 2006.

But the study says many kids sitting in algebra class are unprepared. Eighth-grade math scores have dropped for algebra students even as overall scores have improved.

The study was based on The National Assessment of Educational Progress, often called the nation’s report card. That assessment is the only uniform benchmark of how well kids are learning.

In particular, the report looked at low-achieving students. Among the findings:

w Enrollment of low achievers — those who score in the bottom 10 percent — has more than doubled in eighth-grade algebra.

w The overwhelming number of low-achieving students are black and Hispanic and attend big urban, high-poverty schools where they are more likely to fall through the cracks.

w Teachers of low achievers have less experience, fewer formal credentials and weaker math training.

The study is alarming to some advocates who worry its focus will add to an argument that minority and low-income kids should not take the class. The report’s title is “The Misplaced Math Student: Lost in Eighth-Grade Algebra’’

“So what’s the alternative — to let them continue in eighth grade to take low-level or basic math?’’ said William H. Schmidt, a Michigan State University professor of statistics and education.

“Why would we do that to our children, especially to these minority kids who need to be given a better shot to succeed?’’ he said. “My big worry is people will use this to say, ‘Aha, see, it ain’t working, let’s put these kids back where they belong.’’’

Schmidt pointed out that kids in dozens of other countries are required take algebra in eighth grade or even earlier. Yet he agrees with Loveless that U.S. students desperately need better preparation.

Math is not like other subjects, said R. James Milgram, a Stanford University mathematician. It is hierarchical, with first-grade math forming the foundation for second-grade math and so on.

“It takes six to eight years of solid math to prepare kids to be ready to take algebra,’’ Milgram said. “So if you do not learn the support, you collapse at a certain point. You simply cannot go further,’’ he said.

Milgram did not work on this study, but he has worked with Loveless on other research.

Vern Williams, a nationally recognized math teacher in Fairfax County, Va., said the campaign for eighth-grade algebra can result in classes that aren’t really algebra.

“Unless a kid is ready for a real algebra course, you do one of two things: either you give the kid a low grade, which means you’re admitting the kid wasn’t prepared, or you make the course watered-down,’’ Williams said.

“It’s algebra in name only,’’ he said.

That is another point the study makes. In the end, Loveless argues it does more harm than good to put unprepared students in what he called “fake’’ algebra classes taught by under-prepared teachers.

“It’s not a good thing, and it does not lead to equity,’’ Loveless said. “It might make everyone feel better, but the whole arrangement is counterfeit.’’

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Reader comments on this story - 7 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

DonH wrote on Sep 22, 2008 1:53 PM:

" I work in Champaign schools and last year I co-taught an Algebra I class with a bunch of IEP kids. I was baffled that these kids were in Algebra to begin with. They couldn't even do 2+ 2 without a calculator! Especillay, my students, the IEP kids were clueless about the whole logic and thought process. It frustrating, to try to teach them as well as the fact they most of them were behavior problem students too. They should have been in a general math or pre-algebra course. I'm sorry but some kids need to be left behind in order to move ahead. "

TMIB wrote on Sep 22, 2008 11:33 AM:

" Not every child is ready for algebra in the 8th grade. Kids need to be at a certain level of development in order to fully understand the concepts. For most, that time is in the 8th and 9th grade. Now little Jonny's parents do not understand that and forces their child to take a course they are not mentally prepared for. Not all kids are developmentally ready for such a class in the 8th grade. "

Jarhead71 wrote on Sep 22, 2008 8:26 AM:

" Here is a novel idea: let's get back to teaching at a student's level of learning ability instead of all being on page 234 by November 1st! But NO, we continually have to turn out boxes of ticky-tacky all in a row that are exactly the same in our public schools. To do otherwise is discriminatory, and we just cannot have that! The dumbing down of America continues to march on. We can all only achieve at the lowest common denominator or we might risk hurting somebody's feelings or make them feel badly about themselves. "

student9G wrote on Sep 22, 2008 7:08 AM:

" Really, who needs Calculus? Sure, it's needed for some of those really important engineering jobs, and similar fields. However, not every kid needs to be in a calculus class to suceed. I guess the whole issue here is that the poor urban youth are getting left behind from the start. "

who cares wrote on Sep 22, 2008 6:44 AM:

" i took intro to algebra when i was i freshman out at olympia.i think i flunked it or did real bad because i couldn't understand what the ? was.if you dared to raise your hand to ask the teacher he would make you look dumber than hell and make you feel about a foot tall.l think he was probably a good enough mathematician but he sure couldn't teach.far as that goes if he was that good he could have been a cpa somewhere.i think he was a 4 foot tall high school teacher that hated high school kids.as far as that goes i don't care for them either but i'm not a teacher. "

mds1 wrote on Sep 22, 2008 6:19 AM:

" I knew the way students are taught math would eventually lead to this problem. Years ago it was decided grade school students needed calculators. Many of them were taught properly pre-calculator, but by the time they reached high school they were no longer capable of doing basic math such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing because they had forgotten how to do it. Walk up to any high school student and ask if they can change a fraction into a decimal without a calculator; even if you allow them to use paper they can't do it. Maybe it's time to go back to basics, so they'll be prepared to take Algebra. I wonder how many mastered the use of the calculator and went on to teach math. I remember how my Algebra instructor at ISU taught the course. All she did was copy the book on the board and refer me to the math clinic when I had problems. There I found math majors who couldn't add and subtract. I ended up hiring an older math instructor to privately tutor me, one who could remember the basic math skills needed for Algebra. Take the calculators away from the students. "

Herr Hundhausen wrote on Sep 22, 2008 6:04 AM:

" Thank God,Massachusetts Institute of Technology was not mentioned in this article. Originally developed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology MUMPS as it was then named was only the third language (after COBOL and FORTRAN), and the first database to be given the ANSI standard. MUMPS was originally developed in the middle 60's on a National Institute of Health Grant at Massachusetts General Hospital. "

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