SPRINGFIELD - A lawsuit alleging a botched delivery left an infant with serious health problems could ignite a courtroom debate over whether Illinois' caps on medical malpractice claims are constitutional.

The lawsuit - filed Monday against a doctor and the Cook County hospital where the girl was delivered last October - claims the state's caps on non-economic damages, such as pain and suffering, unconstitutionally limit what 13-month-old Abigaile LeBron and her family should receive.

LeBron's lawyers are using the case to ask the Cook County court and eventually the Illinois Supreme Court to throw out the limits, signed into law last summer as part of an effort to reduce doctors' malpractice insurance costs.

Both sides predict a lengthy legal fight over the caps.

"Ultimately, our goal must be justice for the victims of medical negligence," Judy Cates, president of the Illinois Trial Lawyers Association, said in a statement. "We are hopeful that the LeBron case will accomplish that worthwhile goal."

The lawsuit against Gottlieb Memorial Hospital in Melrose Park and Dr. Roberto Levi-D'Ancona contends the doctor didn't act quickly enough when Abigaile's mother began showing problems during her October 2005 labor.

Deprived of oxygen at birth, Abigaile has severe brain damage, is fed through a tube in her stomach and does not crawl or show other abilities of a normal 1-year-old, her lawyers say.

A hospital spokeswoman said the hospital would not comment on the lawsuit.

Chicago lawyer Jeff Goldberg said he realized this summer that Abigaile's case called for much greater damages than the caps would allow - $500,000 against doctors and $1 million against hospitals. He wouldn't say how much he will seek.

"It's very early," Goldberg said. "It's going to take a while to figure that out."

Goldberg asked for help from other constitutional lawyers, who said the case is strong and has history on its side.

Two previous caps on damages have been deemed unconstitutional by the state Supreme Court - the last time in 1997 as part of a broader reform law that covered wrongful death and personal injury cases. The court said the law was illegal special legislation and legislators infringed on the judiciary's power to reduce unfair damage awards.

The LeBron's lawyers are making the same arguments about the latest caps, and claim victims' due process and equal protection rights are being violated. They hope the case ends up before the Supreme Court and has a similar outcome.

"These are fundamental flaws that cannot be cured," said Bob Peck, a lawyer for the Washington, D.C.-based Center for Constitutional Litigation who is assisting with the case. "We think there's a very strong argument there."

The lawsuit caps were part of a measure designed to lower medical malpractice costs that had driven dozens of doctors out of the state and prompted a heated lobbying battle at the Statehouse last year.

Advocates pushed the caps as a way to stop frivolous lawsuits from driving up insurance costs but acknowledged they wouldn't truly work until the court system upheld the caps.

The head of the major lobbyist group for doctors called the lawsuit "predictable" and potentially disastrous for health care if it is successful. But the group is confident the caps will withstand the challenge.

"The Illinois State Medical Society strongly stands by the constitutionality of these reforms and the state's urgent need to preserve them," Dr. Peter Eupierre, the society's president, said in a statement. "Balance and fairness in our state's medical litigation system are integral to ensuring patient access to core medical care services throughout Illinois."